Precast Pipes made of cement, steel & concrete through spinning and vertical casting, also known as Hume pipes & Spun Pipes.

As per Bureau of Indian Standards there are four class of Rcc Pipes
Non Pressure 1 also known as Np1
Non Pressure 2 also known as Np2
Non Pressure 3 also known as Np3
Non Pressure 4 also known as Np4

As per Bureau of Indian Standards there are four class of Rcc Pipes
Non Pressure 2 also known as Np2

A manhole, is an access point to an underground utility network, such as a drainage system. The presence of a drain or sewer manhole allows the underground pipes to be inspected, surveyed, unblocked, cleaned, or repaired.

Reinforced cement concrete Non pressure of class 3 pipe. (high strength pipe) it is used where the huge amount of water.

Mixture of cement, sand and aggregate which are prepared in such a manner that a cement concrete cube of size 15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm is formed with characteristic strength (fck) of 20mpa while examining it after being cured for 20 days

Non Pressure 2 Spigot and socket ended pipes shall be used for water mains, sewer, irrigation and culverts/cross drains Flush.

A Hume pipe is a concrete tube with reinforced bar. It was invented by the Hume brothers in Australia in 1910.

When testing the pipe line hydraulically, the line shall be kept filled completely with water for a week. The pressure shall then be increased gradually to full test pressure as indicated in 6.4.4.2 and maintained at this pressure during the period of test with the permissible allowance indicated therein. For further details reference may be made to IS 458-1971.

The concrete pipes should be carefully loaded, transported and unloaded a avoiding impact. The use of inclined planes or chain pulley block is recommenced. Trench shall provide free working space on each side of the pipe which shall not be greater than 1/3 the Dia of the pipe but not less than 15 cm on either side.

A hume pipe is a concrete tube with reinforced bar. It was invented by the Hume brothers in Australia in 1910. A hume pipe is formed by pouring concrete into a formwork, and axially rotating it, and allowing it to compact using centrifugal force. A hume pipe can withstand internal and external pressure well, and is primarily used for sewer pipes, agricultural waterways, and residential construction. Anti-bacterial concrete is commonly used in hume pipes.

IS: 456 – code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

For more details please visit:
https://www.services.bis.gov.in:8071/php/BIS/bisconnect/pow/is_details?IDS=MTEyOTU%3D

A manhole refers to an entry and exist way provided in roadways for work and inspection of sewer ways, electric and communication cable laid underground, and the like. They are placed at the origination and branching points of pipelines. Manholes are primarily made of steel or concrete. Anti-bacterial concrete is commonly used in manholes.

Reason why most of the Manholes are round:
i)  Because there are no angles for alignment
ii) The round shape makes these heavy covers easier to put back on once they’re taken off.
iii)Round Manhole won’t accidentally fall into the manhole itself.

The Full form of RCC is Reinforced Cement Concrete

Generally, the local water and sewage authority is responsible for maintaining, repairing and replacing manhole and drain covers on public property such as streets, pavements and parks.

The major types of concrete slabs used in construction are one-way joist slab, flat slab, flat plate, waffle slab, hollow core slab, precast slab, slabs on grade, hardy slab, and composite slab.

It totally depends on the load it will be passing upon. Most generally we suggest that 3″ for sidewalk, 4″ for patios, 6″ for driveway and minimum 4″ thick for parking.

Rcc Pipes are widely used for water drainage, sewerage, Irrigation.